Venous Oxygen Content (CvO₂) Calculator

Venous oxygen content measures how much oxygen remains in the blood after tissues have extracted what they need, and low values can signal poor oxygen delivery or high tissue demand.

Calculate Venous Oxygen Content

g/dL
Normal ~12–17 g/dL.
Enter a value between 2 and 25.
%
Normal ~70–75%. Enter 20–90%.
Enter a value between 20–90% or 0.20–0.90.
mmHg
Mixed venous O₂ tension. Normal ~40.
Enter a value between 10 and 100.
CvO₂
14.6
mL O₂/dL
Normal
Hgb-bound
14.5
Dissolved
0.12

How It's Calculated

Formula
CvO₂ = (1.34 × Hgb × SvO₂) + (0.003 × PvO₂)

What the Result Means

≥ 13

Normal — mixed venous oxygen reserve intact.

10–13

Mildly low — watch delivery vs. demand.

6–10

Moderately low — increased extraction or falling delivery.

< 6

Severely low — supply/demand mismatch.

Worked Example

Given: Hgb 15 g/dL, SvO₂ 72%, PvO₂ 40 mmHg.

  1. Bound = 1.34 × 15 × 0.72 = 14.5
  2. Dissolved = 0.003 × 40 = 0.12
  3. CvO₂ = 14.6 mL/dL (normal).

What's Left After Extraction

Venous blood still carries oxygen — the amount reflects the balance of supply and demand.

RED BLOOD CELL (venous) some O₂ already handed off to tissues to tissues

Frequently Asked Questions

What does a low SvO₂ mean?

Either the body isn't delivering enough oxygen, or the tissues are extracting unusually more than normal — as happens with fever, sepsis, shivering, or seizures. It's a red flag that oxygen supply and demand are out of balance.

What is a normal CvO₂?

Roughly 14–15 mL of oxygen per deciliter, corresponding to a mixed venous saturation (SvO₂) of about 70–75%.

How is CvO₂ different from CaO₂?

CaO₂ is arterial content — oxygen before tissues use any. CvO₂ is what's left in venous blood after extraction. The gap between them reflects how much oxygen the tissues consumed.

Where does the SvO₂ measurement come from?

True mixed venous saturation comes from a pulmonary artery catheter. A central venous sample (ScvO₂) is a commonly used approximation that runs a few percent higher.

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