Alveolar Oxygen Pressure (PAO₂) Calculator

This is the alveolar gas equation on its own, calculating the oxygen level your alveoli should have based on how much oxygen you're breathing and your CO₂ level.

Calculate Alveolar Oxygen (PAO₂)

%
21–100%, or as a fraction (0.21–1.00).
Enter a value between 21–100% or 0.21–1.00.
mmHg
760 at sea level; lower at altitude.
Enter a value between 250 and 800.
mmHg
From an ABG. Normal ~35–45.
Enter a value between 10 and 150.
PAO₂
99.7
mmHg
Alveolar O₂ tension
Inspired O₂ term
149.7 mmHg
CO₂ term
−50.0 mmHg

How It's Calculated

Alveolar gas equation
PAO₂ = [FiO₂ × (Patm − 47)] − (PaCO₂ ÷ 0.8)
TermMeaningTypical
FiO₂Fraction inspired O₂0.21 room air
PatmAtmospheric pressure760 mmHg sea level
47Water vapor pressureconstant
0.8Respiratory quotientconstant

Worked Example

Given: room air, sea level, PaCO₂ 40 mmHg.

  1. Inspired term = 0.21 × (760 − 47) = 149.7
  2. CO₂ term = 40 ÷ 0.8 = 50
  3. PAO₂ = 149.7 − 50 = 99.7 mmHg.

Oxygen Inside the Alveolus

The alveolar gas equation predicts the oxygen tension the alveoli should contain.

ALVEOLUS FiO₂×(Patm−47) − PaCO₂/0.8 = PAO₂

Frequently Asked Questions

How is this different from the A-a gradient calculator?

This stops at step one — the expected alveolar oxygen. Use the full A-a gradient tool once you also have a measured PaO₂, since the gradient is PAO₂ minus PaO₂.

What is a normal PAO₂?

About 100 mmHg on room air at sea level. It rises with supplemental oxygen and falls at altitude as atmospheric pressure drops.

Why subtract PaCO₂ divided by 0.8?

The 0.8 is the respiratory quotient — carbon dioxide displaces oxygen in the alveolus, and dividing by the respiratory quotient accounts for the slight difference between CO₂ produced and O₂ consumed.

What is the 47 in the equation?

It's the partial pressure of water vapor (PH₂O) in the fully humidified airway at body temperature, subtracted from atmospheric pressure to give the pressure available for dry gases.

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