Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)

Pulmonary vascular resistance measures how much the blood vessels in the lungs resist blood flow — a key number in diagnosing and classifying pulmonary hypertension.

Calculate Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg).
Enter a value between 8 and 90.
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg).
Enter a value between 2 and 40.
L/min
Cardiac output.
Enter a value between 1 and 15.
PVR
3.0
Wood units
Mildly elevated
= dyn·s·cm⁻⁵
240
MPAP − PCWP
15 mmHg

How It's Calculated

Formula
PVR = (MPAP − PCWP) ÷ Cardiac Output

Result in Wood units; multiply by 80 for dyn·s·cm⁻⁵.

What the Result Means

< 2 WU

Normal pulmonary vascular resistance.

2–3 WU

Mildly elevated.

> 3 WU

Part of the precapillary pulmonary hypertension definition.

> 5 WU

Markedly elevated.

Worked Example

Given: MPAP 25, PCWP 10 mmHg, cardiac output 5 L/min.

  1. PVR = (25 − 10) ÷ 5 = 3 Wood units (240 dyn·s·cm⁻⁵).

Resistance in the Lung Vessels

Narrowed or stiffened pulmonary vessels raise the resistance to flow.

stiff / narrowed vessels resists blood flow

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does PVR require a wedge pressure measurement?

Subtracting wedge pressure (a surrogate for left atrial pressure) isolates resistance in the pulmonary vessels themselves, rather than pressure elevation caused by left heart disease.

What is a normal PVR?

Less than 2 Wood units (under 240 dyn·s·cm⁻⁵). A PVR above 3 Wood units is part of the modern definition of precapillary pulmonary hypertension.

How do Wood units convert to dyn·s·cm⁻⁵?

Multiply Wood units by 80. So 3 Wood units equals 240 dyn·s·cm⁻⁵.

What raises PVR?

Vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, chronic thromboembolic disease, and hypoxia all narrow or stiffen the pulmonary vessels, raising resistance.

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